Aromatherapy FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

Are your oils therapeutic grade? (The most frequently asked question.)

To answer that question, first you must define what is meant by “therapeutic grade” essential oils. What does it really mean?

There is no organization in the United States that oversees therapeutic quality. This is the reason why Nature’s Gift will not make the claim that our oils are “therapeutic grade” since in this country the term is meaningless and is often used as marketing hype. Any vendor can claim that their oils are “therapeutic grade” since there is no legal definition of the term.

In our opinion and experience, the correct term should be “aromatherapy grade” since aromatherapy requires only the finest of essential oils. Another term that we like to use is “clinical grade.” Since many of our oils are used in hospitals, hospices, and in clinical research projects, it seems to fit.

There are many criteria that must be met for an essential oil to truly be of aromatherapy quality.

Because the answer to this question is too long for the FAQ, please click here to read the complete answer.

Are your products 100% pure with no additives added to the essential oils?

We guarantee both the purity and the quality (two different aspects!) of our oils and hydrosols. The ONLY time something is added to any of our products is in the case of the clearly marked 5% or 10% dilutions of our oils and, of course, the personal and massage blends…ALL are clearly marked as diluted both on the website and on the labels.

What is the definition of the term “essential oils?” How do they differ from olive oil or other vegetable oils?

Essential oils are highly volatile plant essences, produced primarily by steam distillation (and sometimes by ‘cold pressing’, CO2 extraction, or solvent extraction). They contain the aromatic molecules of the plant.

Plants produce these aromatic molecules for various reasons…reproductive (to lure bees for pollinization), protection (the antifungal properties of the leaves of the melaleuca trees give us Tea Tree oil, among others), etc.

Unlike fixed oils (the vegetable or “carrier” oils), essential oils are highly concentrated and must be diluted in a carrier…they should never be used undiluted (or “neat”) on the skin.

Essential oils work on the most primitive, oldest part of the brain (the limbic system) and have intense effects on the parasympathetic nervous system, as well as powerful antibacterial effects.

How are essential oils made?

Essential oils are produced primarily by steam distillation, but sometimes by hydro distillation (using water rather than steam), CO2 extraction, or other methods. Read more here.

What is a CO2 extract?

CO2 (carbon dioxide) extracted aromatics are produced by a newer, more expensive method than traditional steam distillation. In our opinion, CO2 extracts tend to yield a richer, fuller more aromatic product than their steam distilled equivalents. Read more here.

Why should I dilute essential oils?

Diluting essential oils is for your own safety. Many oils can be skin irritants or sensitizers and can do serious damage if not used in appropriate dilution on the skin.

Secondarily, these oils are precious natural resources. Using them ‘neat’ (undiluted) is unnecessary. “Less is more” where essential oils are concerned; if you properly dilute them, they also last longer, extending the life of your purchase.

What is a carrier oil?

Pure essential oils are too concentrated for use directly applied to the skin. It is therefore necessary to use a carrier oil to assist in application. Carrier oils are vegetable, nut, or seed oils, many of which have their own therapeutic properties.

Carrier oils used in aromatherapy should be ‘cold-pressed’ (unrefined) oils if at all possible. Also, not all carrier oils should be used at 100% concentration; some are best used in dilution with another carrier oil. For example, Evening Primrose or Borage Seed oils are quite thick and are better diluted in a lighter carrier oil. You may blend different carrier oils together to achieve the desired result. For more information, please see our pages about specific carrier oils and additives.

How do I know what’s an appropriate dilution?

For a healthy adult, the “standard” is a 2-2.5% dilution, (e.g., 15 drops of essential oil per ounce of carrier oil) or 2-3 drops per teaspoon of carrier. For a child or a frail elderly person, the dilution should be much weaker (about 1%): perhaps five drops of essential oil per ounce or one drop essential oil per teaspoon of carrier oil.

If you are making a blend of several essential oils, blend your undiluted oils together. Then measure out the appropriate number of drops of the blend into your carrier oil. Read more about Methods of Application here.

What is Lavender 40/42, and why don’t you sell it?

You may see a lavender essential oil listed by some vendors as Lavender 40/42.

Lavender 40/42 means that certain components of the lavender will be present in exact, specified percentages.

The trouble is: Mother Nature doesn’t grow ‘em that way. She is a bit whimsical…and in a natural straight-from-the-garden, steam distilled lavender essential oil, every growing season will likely give you a slightly different lavender oil.

Now…there are manufacturers (and clients) who want their lavender to smell and act exactly the same, year after year. To some it’s more important than the actual therapeutic value of the lavender. They want uniformity. And if the lavender doesn’t grow that way…well, it’s easy enough to alter in the laboratory to make it that way.

It’s a simple process for a chemist to add some synthetic linalool or linalyl acetate to some lavender or lavandin essential oil to create their desired result.

Therefore, you will not see Lavender 40/42 offered at Nature’s Gift.

What’s the difference between an absolute and an essential oil?

Essential oils are steam distilled. Absolutes are extracted by solvents in a multi-step process. It is theoretically possible that the remaining product *may* have traces of solvents left in the resulting absolute.

What’s the bottom-line difference? When we offer both steam-distilled and absolute varieties as with our rose specimens, the absolute tends to have a scent more like the fresh blossom, while steam-distilled rose otto is far superior from a therapeutic standpoint.

What qualities of essential oils, if any, survive saponification?

Saponification is a process by which triglycerides are reacted with sodium or potassium hydroxide (lye) to produce glycerol and a fatty acid salt called “soap.”

There has been NO research done upon what components of essential oils may or may not survive during the soap-making (saponification) process. We know that essential oils will change, both from the heat and the effects of lye, but we don’t know *how* they will change.

Rather than saying that essential oils don’t survive saponification, our rule of thumb has three (sometimes contradictory) parts:

1. SOME of the effects will likely survive…the main action of any essential oil is by olfaction…by inhalation.

when we inhale essential oils, they cross the blood-brain barrier through the lungs.

essential oils react through the olfactory receptors in the back of the nose and cause reactions in the limbic system, the oldest part of the brain, affecting the parasympathetic nervous system (emotions, heart rate, breathing depth and speed, etc.)

they probably act upon the skin…but we just don’t know for sure.

2. We wouldn’t suggest using expensive essential oils when making cold-process soap. For instance, our acne treatment blend has German Chamomile and Helichrysum essential oils, among others. I am not going to subject these precious, expensive oils to saponification.

3. The sensitizing and irritating EO’s…the ones that are NOT skin-safe. Again, it is possible that their irritant properties can come through the soap-making process intact. If it’s too dangerous to use in a massage blend, it’s probably too dangerous to use in soap. In this, we err on the side of caution.

Addendum: We do believe the EMOTIONAL effects of the oils will come through in soap…if you can smell them, they will act on the emotions…thus, a citrus or peppermint “wake up shower soap” WILL help wake you up…lavender or roman chamomile or other “relaxing” oils will help you sleep well.

You certainly *can* use essential oils when making cold-process soap…you will know that you are producing the purest and most natural body and spirit pampering products available, which is what many consumers today prefer.

Are your essential oils pure and unadulterated, and do you laboratory test your oils?

We have built our business and reputation by supplying clinicians who demand only the purest, highest quality oils. We take enormous pride in our selection of oils.

We routinely use trusted third-party laboratories to perform gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) tests when:

buying from a new supplier
we receive a new batch of an oil we’ve previously offered
there is a reason to question the quality or the purity of the oil (sometimes it’s just our ‘instinct’)
when we know the oils are being used in clinical programs or for research.

Some of our artisan oils are from small growers/distillers that we have had a relationship with for years, and we trust them implicitly.

Our goal from Day One of business has been to provide the BEST quality, not the most affordable oils. We guarantee their purity.

We now test our imported absolutes due to the commonality of adulteration. They have little use in Clinical Aromatherapy, however their purity for use in perfumery and other fragrance purposes is of great value.

CO2 extracts are a difficult product to have tested. Very few labs are capable of testing the non-volatile components, so at this point, we prefer to stay with well-known producers of the utmost integrity and trust their certifications. As CO2 extraction becomes more commonplace and testing capability expands, this may change.

We offer either the Certificate of Analysis (COA) or the GC/MS for each essential oil, absolute, or CO2 on our website product descriptions.

Household Hints

Antibacterial Wipes

Christa Maria writes that she just cooked this recipe up:

Cut one good quality paper towel into two pieces. Have containers that the paper towels fit in, with a good lid ready.

Make a mix of:

1/4 cup liquid soap (I use organic non-scented liquid soap)
1/4 cup Fractionated Coconut oil
20 drops of Marge’s GermBeater
2 cups hot water

Mix first 3 ingredients well together, add water and pour half of the mix into each container over the paper towels.

It takes about 24 hours for the liquid to sink into the paper towels. I take those when I go out to my woods for a fast clean-up. I bet this could also be done with the SkeeterBeater, taking a towel and putting some drops on it.

(I will try it out tomorrow when I go to the woods, some nice person has volunteered to help me dig leeks.)

Ant Chaser

The warm weather has hit middle Tennessee with a vengeance. The temperature went from the forties to the eighties this week, and the ants discovered our kitchen. We came in one morning to find the countertop just black with them.

Debbie G. took a 4 oz spray bottle, filled it with rubbing alcohol and added 10 ml of our midwestern Peppermint. Stronger than I would have done, but it sure covers the scent of the rubbing alcohol.

We’ve sprayed the floor, the countertop, all the cracks and openings we could find. We still see an occasional stray wanderer. But the armies have been repulsed and returned from whence they came.

Chigger Bites

Another client just wrote:

Also want you to know the Helichrysum oil (in carrier) did WONDERS with a chigger bite I had on my leg! Good God! Swelling (welt) and itching immediately reduced to almost NOTHING. Last time this happened, I itched for about one solid week and the nasty bites left almost scars and darkened spots that remained for a long time.

Speaking of SkeeterBeater…Debi found out that the synergy seems to work well against chiggers…the downside of doing an outdoor show! She applied just a band of the SkeeterBeater around her ankles on the second day, and it worked wonders!

Repelling Horse Flies

I recently wrote about our new favorite insect repellent, Lemon Tea Tree essential oil. One of our clients ordered some in hopes that it would solve horse fly problems with her horses. These are the results she reported:

I used the Lemon Tea Tree on my “babies” {horses} and used it in just a base of Jojoba. I used it as a wipe on the really bad spots where the pesky insects had bitten them. When we rode, we applied it on their faces, bellies, or anywhere that disturbs them, {which is almost everywhere!}. It worked really well, even after our ride {about 1 ½ hr} those pesky’s still didn’t bother them.

Pest-Free Pets

Tip from my daughter the groomer…if your dog has one of those woven collars, rather than a leather one, add one or two drops of undiluted Skeeterbeater to his collar to keep him pest free. She says it works as well as commercial products and it’s a lot cheaper. (And SHE gets a discount on the commercial stuff!)

Don’t overdo the application of drops; remember that dogs’ noses are hundreds of times more sensitive to scent than ours, so the application of too much oil to the collar might irritate your pup (and he can’t tell you!)

Paint Remover

Speaking of citrus…. a delightful client just shared this:

I want to share a good use I found for your Sweet Orange Oil. This weekend I painted an old bookcase with black, oil-based paint. Needless to say, I got it all over my hands, and it would not come off. I remembered using Orange Oil as a solvent before, so I grabbed my bottle and dropped just one drop on a spot of paint. It literally dissolved instantly! So I sprinkled some Epsom salts in my palm, added a few drops of the Orange Oil, and scrubbed all the paint away. So much nicer than paint thinner. I already love that stuff, and now I have another reason.

Now…the thought of putting neat orange oil on bare skin makes me cringe… but I doubt it would do any more damage than paint thinner…and it DOES smell a lot nicer. (We’re going to be painting some furnishings for the store over the next couple of weeks, so this hint was well-timed!)

Battling Mold / Mildew

“Thank you, Marge, for your suggestion about using Tea Tree and Lemon Eucalyptus against mold. I too had a mold problem from a really bad flood last year, it was throughout my basement and was a source of much depression for me. I added the two, with more of the Lemon Eucalyptus than the Tea Tree to the mop water made of Dr. Bronner’s Sal Suds and it’s amazing how the vibration of the areas applied just lifted. I put it in a spray bottle and sprayed the walls down. I found the energy to clean-up that area and it looks quite nice now (it’s been in disuse for a year). I have no need to avoid it any longer. I’m applying it to the whole house even to the carpet with wonderful results.”

My comment: Eucalyptus citriodora is a strongly antifungal oil, it’s what we use to keep mildew and musty odors away.

Freshen that Microwave

After a few days of heating leftovers, my microwave starts to smell like last week’s dinner. I thought there was something wrong with the microwave, until I saw a note on a list somewhere saying that to freshen the microwave, just put a measuring cup of water, with a few drops of lemon oil in it. Microwave on high for 2 minutes, and let stand in the oven until cool.

Clearing Smoke / Smoke Eater

My friend had a party not long ago, and the next morning her living room was still blue with smoke! She says a blend of Bergamot and Lemon EO’s, in her diffuser made them disappear almost instantly and left the room smelling clear and fresh.

If you don’t have time to blend your own oils, we offer a blend of Bergamot, Lemon, and Himalayan Lavender. It was created as a “smoke eater.” So many people began using it as a good all-around deodorizer and air freshener that we changed the name to Fresh Aire.

Carpet Freshener

And while we are talking about deodorizing, my friend Wendy from Aromaweb recommends the following carpet deodorizer in her recipes section.

Ingredients:

35 drops Eucalyptus essential oil
30 drops Lavender essential oil
25 drops Rosewood essential oil
4 cups borax (Mule Team Borax can be found in the grocery store in the laundry detergent aisle, usually)

Notes: I was in a cleaning frenzy one day and decided to make my housework more pleasant by incorporating essential oils into it somehow. I found many ways to do so, but this one of my favorite and it scents the house at the same time. I also used the Eucalyptus and Lavender to help keep whatever pests there are at bay that Lizzy, and Cheech & Chong (our cats) bring in with them.

Directions: To make the carpet deodorizer (any essential oils could be used by the way, just make sure no one in the household finds the odor offensive) measure your 4 cups of borax into a bowl and then drop in the essential oils indicated in ingredients in the amounts listed. If you find the smell too strong, add more borax. Take a spoon and mash up the little clumps that will form when the oil hits the borax, stir until well mixed. Before vacuuming, I walk around the house and sprinkle it by hand in the same manner one would sow seeds. Let it sit on the carpet for 10–15 minutes, or longer if you like, and then vacuum. This formula will cover approximately 1000 square feet, give or take a little.

Personal note, as Rosewood is an endangered oil, I would skip it and use either Black Spruce or Pine in its place. But that’s my taste. The Eucalyptus and Lavender are probably key. Some sunny citrus might be a nice addition, as well!

Tennis Shoe Freshener

Another recipe, from my friend Wendy at Aromaweb. Even though summer is the time for sandals, not sweaty sneakers, here’s a shoe freshener:

Ingredients:

4 tablespoons cornstarch
4 tablespoons baking soda
20 drops Tea Tree
10 drops Lemon
10 drops Lavender

Instructions for Use: Sprinkle the deodorizer lightly into shoes in the evenings or at times when the shoes will not be worn for a few hours. You will not see a “cure” for smelly shoes the first time you use the deodorizer. The magic occurs after regular uses.

An alternative: rather than sprinkling the powder directly into the sneakers, pour it into an old tube sock, knot the end, and place the sock into the shoe!

Road Tar Removal

A hint from a client: I HAVE taken off clumps of tar from the soles of my running shoes, using Eucalyptus, neat. You should see it dissolve!

Don’t know about the rest of you…but when I’ve gotten road tar on shoes…that was the end of those shoes…this one will be handy.

Heavy Duty De-Greaser

Susan Grycan, fudge maker extraordinaire, recently wrote:

When I pulled out the stove to paint behind it and lay the linoleum floor tiles, I saw 10 years of grease spills on the sides of the stove. Well, I just wanted to throw it away. I didn’t think a little bit of Orange oil would make any difference. But I put on rubber gloves and prepared to scrub for hours. I used a simple cleaner such as Glass Plus. Every time I sprayed, I applied a drop or two of Orange EO. I couldn’t believe it! 10 years of baked on grease came off as though I had just freshly spilled some sauce! Everything came off so easily I actually had FUN cleaning! The stove and refrigerator were sparkling clean as if they were brand new in a very short amount of time. And when my husband came home he said the house SMELLED SO GREAT!!!

Bathroom Cleaner

1 tsp. borax
1/2 tsp. liquid detergent (like Ivory Dish Soap)
1/4 cup vinegar
2 cups hot water

Combine in a spray bottle and shake. Spray on counter surfaces, sinks, tubs, etc. and wipe clean.

Now, in MY bathroom this is going to have some Orange oil and some Clove or Cinnamon Leaf added to the liquid soap before I add the other ingredients. You could use any antibacterial oils you choose, starting with our GermBeater or anything else. I’m just in the mood for citrus and spice this week.

Citrus Cleaning Hint for Spring Cleaning

A blend of Lemon and Pink Grapefruit oils added to whatever household cleaner or cleansing solution you use will not only help kill germs, but also energize you for the work involved in spring cleaning.

Cleaning Formulas and Blends

Just in time for your fall cleaning, some natural housekeeping formulas sent to my by a member of the Make-It-Yourself Delphi forum:

Air Freshener

20 drops Lavender
10 drops Lemon
6 drops Bergamot
5 drops Lime
5 drops GrapefruitPlace in spray bottle with water. (September 2004)

All Purpose Cleaner

5 drops lavender, lemon, and pine in a spray bottle with a squirt of Dr. Bronner’s (or other liquid!) soap.

Kitchen and Bathroom Cleaner

2 drops Rosemary
4 drops Lemon
3 drops Eucalyptus
4 drops LavenderPlace in a spray bottle with water. Always shake bottle before using to mix the oils.

Another Cleaning Solution

Bev Mahoney writes:

I am really loving a few drops of Lemon Myrtle in a simple cleaning solution of about half and half filtered water and white vinegar. It’s amazing to me what this mix does compared to all the commercial cleaners out there. It smells wonderful besides!

Glass and Mirror Cleaner

Blend 1 cup vinegar and 10 drops Orange essential oil in a 2 cup spray bottle. Add one cup distilled water, shake well. Spray, wipe clean. This is a wonderful grease cutter and leaves your house smelling like sunshine. (June 2000)

“Mrs. Bubble” Housecleaning Recipe

A friend recently shared the formula for what she calls “Mrs. Bubble” She said it came from The Naturally Clean Home by Karyn Siegel Maier “Fizzy Bathroom Sink Cleaner”

1/2 cup baking soda
6 drops Lemon or Pine essential oil
1/4 cup vinegar

Combine the baking soda and essential oil. Sprinkle into the sink; pour the vinegar on top. After the fizz settles, scrub clean with a damp cloth or sponge. Rinse clean.

“Pomander Ball” Cleanser (adapted from a recipe from Barbara Lucks)

Not only does this preparation clean, the essential oils disinfect and provide a natural, festive fragrance.
- 1 teaspoon Sweet Orange or Mandarine essential oil
- a few drops of Clove Oil and Cinnamon Leaf oil
- 1 teaspoon washing soda
- 2 teaspoons borax
- 1/2 teaspoon liquid soap or detergent
- 2 cups hot water (to dissolve the soda and borax)
Combine the ingredients in a spray bottle. Shake to dissolve and blend the minerals. You can spray this cleaner onto a surface then leave it for 15 minutes before wiping it off, to give the essential oils antiseptic qualities time to work (makes 2 cups).

It will leave your house smelling like an old fashioned, clove-studded pomander ball!

Furniture Polish

My friend Stacey writes: “I just made this ‘furniture polish’ to use on an old beat-up dresser: 2 tablespoons Jojoba, 6 drops Nutmeg essential oil. I picked Jojoba since it’s technically a wax and isn’t greasy.”
Now, I wouldn’t have chosen the nutmeg…I’d go with Sandalwood; but then again I think the whole world should smell of Sandalwood. But I have seen other recipes calling for Lavender (nice in a children’s room?). I suspect any gentle oil would work. I’d avoid the citrus oils and the strong spices, or any oil that is a skin irritant.

Aromatic Furniture Polish

J.H.Willey Furniture, in Manassas, VA, gives the following formula for furniture polish…(we’ve added the Sandalwood oil).
MULTIPURPOSE FURNITURE OIL (Yields about 1 quart)This solution will cleanse dirt and dust and leave a light oil film.2 tbsp olive oil (blend in 15–20 drops of Sandalwood or Cedarwood oil)
1 tbsp white vinegar
1 quart warm water

In a glass bottle or jar (a spray bottle is especially convenient), combine all ingredients and mix well. To use, apply to surface and then rub dry with a soft, clean cloth. The solution works best if kept warm while using; place the bottle in a pan of hot water for a few minutes.

Scented Greeting Cards and Tissue Paper

This is something I used to do years ago, and had forgotten about. The directions are borrowed from my friend Wendy at Aromaweb. She obviously has this aimed at Christmas wrappings; but it truly works all year round. I used to scent “all season” wrapping paper with Bergamot. Himalayan Lavender would be another good choice I think.
Of course, for a wedding gift or bridal shower, nothing would be as appropriate as Orange Blossom or Neroli. Scenting your wrapping paper and greeting cards adds a wonderful touch to the holidays or any gift-giving occasion.Directions:Allow an extra day before writing out your greeting card(s) or wrapping presents. Choose a blend or a single essential oil. Put a few drops of the blend onto a cotton ball. Put up to 15 cards and the cotton ball in a large ziplock bag, close and let it sit for at least 24 hours. Take care not to let the oil come in direct contact with cards or envelopes as the fresh oil could stain them. For boxes of cards, you may also have enough room to just put the cotton ball right in with the box.
For tissue paper, follow the same procedure, but place the cotton ball into the plastic package of tissue paper. Be careful not to let the oil come into contact with the paper. Close the bag up so the aroma can properly scent the tissue.

Refrain from giving a scented card or scented tissue-wrapped gift to anyone who has allergies or sensitivities that may be affected by the oils.

Another idea….I used to store my notepaper in a bag perfumed with the oil of the month. That way it was always ready. Not a bad thing to do with the envelopes you use for paying bills etc…makes the chore a lot more pleasant.

The Hazards of Raindrop Therapy

The following white paper is presented by the National Association of Holistic Aromatherapy, detailing why responsible members of the Aromatherapy Community are aware of the risks and dangers inherent in the practice of so called “Raindrop Therapy.”

Raindrop Therapy White Paper

The use of essential oils is an ancient practice dating back to Egypt. Like many other practices with roots in the past, it has been highly commercialized to the public. It should rightly hold a respected position in alternative, complementary health practices. In some parts of the world, such as France, it may be practiced with care and skill. However, the general public in the USA, is still in an initiate stage of understanding the use and benefits of the oils. As such, this white paper is intended to educate the consumer of essential oils and practices which they may be exposed to in their explorations. While there is a sense that because it is “natural”, “they are safe”, this paper is intended to give you information about a practice promoted within one company. The practice is called “Raindrop Therapy”, and is promoted within the Young Living Company. While this paper does not make comment regarding the company or its product, it does take a critical stand against the use of the oils in “Raindrop Therapy.”

In the USA, The National Association of Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA) has defined standard curriculum for certification for “Aromatherapy Practitioner”. There are persons performing “Raindrop Therapy” (RDT), who have not received training, observing similar curriculum standards. These public demonstrations and conferences have been presented to the general public as well as audiences of health care professionals including physicians, nurses, midwives, doulas, and massage therapists. The purpose of this paper is to assert a position against the use of a technique called “Raindrop Therapy” as it currently cannot be supported as a recognized aromatherapy “best practice.” This position is intended to educate and inform the public as a part of the role of members of the Aromatherapy Community.

“Raindrop Therapy” technique as developed by Mr. Gary Young is not to be regarded as a best practice because:

It promotes the unsafe use of essential oils, putting people at risk of skin irritation and
There is no published empirical substantiation to support its claims that RDT is a “tool for assisting the body in correcting defects in the curvature of the spine, such as scoliosis.” ^[1]

Foundation of Conclusions

Current research of formal testing regarding the chemical structure, per cutaneous absorption and dermal metabolism of essential oils as well as potential skin reactions, including irritation, sensitization, phototoxicity and essential oil toxicity, determines existing standard safety guidelines.Safety guidelines are based on the assumption that essential oils used in aromatherapy will be used at safe dilution levels for external use.

In addition to standard dilution guidelines, the aromatherapy practitioner must be aware of those individuals who are identified as a greater risk for developing potential skin reactions, including persons with known allergies, history of asthma, eczema, psoriasis, fair-haired, light skinned, and those with a history of multiple allergies and medical complications. ^[2] (Although this procedure does not preclude sensitization, only potential irritation), “in order to avoid potential skin reactions”, those “at-risk” should receive skin “patch-testing” at “double the concentration planned to use, prior to application of each essential oil.” ^[3]

There is no published clinical evidence to support that RDT has any correcting value as a tool to be used to adjust spinal curvatures caused by scoliosis, or align electric and structural elements, even if the essential oils were to be used at correct dilution levels and the individual’s skin was patch-tested prior to application. Therefore, because of the unsafe use of undiluted essential oils as well as unpublished claims, “Raindrop Therapy” technique as developed by Gary Young is not supported as a “best practice.”

The discussion that follows will present a description of 1) Raindrop Therapy technique along with 2) current known safety standard guidelines regarding the dermal application of essential oils used in RDT practice and 3) literature regarding unfounded claims of the rationale for use of RDT.

SUPPORTING LITERATURE RESEARCH

This position is based on the following publications, which describe the technique and claims, from the following sources in print and video, as well as information found on the World Wide Web.

Essential Oils Desk Reference,Second Edition, 2001 Essential Science Publishing, pp. 191–198

The Science and Application of Essential Oils,D. Gary Young, ND, “Aromatologist,” YoungLiving Oils, (Video), 1994

Excerpts fromAromatherapy, The Essential Beginningby Gary Young, no longer in print, pp 1–7

Description of Raindrop Therapy (Excerpts)

Step 2
“Next comes the application of the oils of thyme and oregano. Hold the bottle approximately six inches above the skin and let five drops of each oil drop from the bottle evenly spaced along the spine frombottom to top (sacrum to atlas or 1stcervical). Try to stay in the electrical field as much as possible. Itdoes not matter which oil is applied first. Apply one oil and then layer it by gently spreading it evenly alongthe curvature of the spine. Apply the second oils the same way. You don’t need large drops, and more isnot better. Then apply 10 to 15 drops of the V-6 Mixing Oil to prevent any discomfort…

…Now apply the oils ofCypress, Birch, Basil and Peppermint in that order. Apply four to five drops of the first oil along the length of the spine. Layer it in by evenly spreading it with your fingertips. Then do the same with the other three. Starting on one side of the spine, gently massage the oils in along the spine. Do not work directly on the spine. Do not force it or apply direct pressure. Start at the sacrum and use the fingertips of both hands placed side-by-side, and in a circular clockwise motion, work up the side of the spine to the atlas, pushing or pulling the tissue in the direction you want the spine to move. This technique helps to create a “space” for the spine to move. After finishing one side of the spine, walk around to the other side of the individual and begin on the second side starting from the sacrum working up to the atlas. Repeat this two more times.

Step 5
Pay close attention because the back can become very hot!

The heat will generally build slowly in intensity to where it will peak in five to eight minutes and then cool down to where it feels pleasant. The water in the towel drives the oils deeper into the skin. The more out of balance, the more virus or bacteria activity in the body, or the more inflammation in the spine, the hotter the area will become along the spine. Some people will experience no heat, for some it will be mild and very pleasant, while for others it may be hot and a little uncomfortable. Pay attention to what the person is saying. Ask questions. If it gets too uncomfortable, remove the towels and apply V-6 Mixing Oil on the back and work it in. This will usually remove the heat in minutes.

After putting the towels on, wait a few minutes to see how the person is responding. If the back does not become very hot, have the person roll over so the back is against the towels on the table. This usually creates more heat.”

Step 6
“Take the four oils of Birch, Cypress, Basil and Peppermint, in that order, and apply two to three drops of each oil along the inside of the lower legs along the shin bone from the bottom of the knee area to the top of the big toes. Apply one at a time and layer each oil in before applying the next oil. Place fingers of one hand along the inside of the shin bone just below the knee, work down to the ankle, and then along the foot up to the top of the big toe using the Vita Flex Technique. Roll your fingers up and then over onto the nails of the fingers, applying slightly more pressure at the top of the roll and releasing as you come over onto the nails. Short nails would be appreciated by the person on whom you are working. Do this three times on each leg….”

Step 8
“Have the person on the table roll back so he or she is again face down. Rest the head in the head-cradle of the massage table again and make sure the person is lying straight. Remove the towels and then examine the spine. Corrections may or may not be visible. At this point you may add another therapy as desired. Sometimes the desired results do not come immediately, and yet the body will continue to respond for days, at which time you may begin to see gradual changes…

This is the basic Raindrop Therapy, although there are several variations. Everybody is different, and what works for one may not work for another. Different body types respond to the applications in ways not expected. Learn to be sensitive to the person to whom you are working so that you can respond to his or her needs.”

The question is often asked, “How long does this application last? Again, everybody responds differently. Generally speaking, the level of health and proper diet are key factors, as are exercise and mental attitude. One application may last months for one person, but then for another it may be necessary to have the application done every week until the body begins to respond. The key is to retrain the body. In some cases, you will have to develop a new memory in the tissue in order for the body to stay where it should be. This may take a few weeks or even a full year.” ^[4]

The Video Presentation Variation
In the video, in which Mr. Young describes the process, he uses the oils of Oregano 4 drops, and 5 drops of Thyme. He also states that if there are arthritic or compressed disks, then to use 6 drops birch, 3 drops lemongrass, 4-5 drops marjoram, 4-5 drops cypress and a couple of drops of Peppermint.

He further goes on to explain that certain essential oils are known to be caustic to the skin, such as the citrus, coneriferous and spice oils, such as clove, nutmeg. He states that these oils are OK to use neat as in drops on the spine, but for a larger area, like the whole back, to dilute them 15-30 drops to one ounce, and children and the elderly should be 15 drops to an ounce. ^[5]

Notes on Description of Oils Getting Hot

In both of his publications of RDT, Mr. Young describes the oils as “may be feeling hot on the skin”

While the sensation of heat and a burning is a symptom of irritation to the skin from using undiluted oils, the precautions he offers is in Essential Oils Desk Reference.

Caution: Special care must be taken with this step (referring to allowing the heat from a wet towel to penetrate usually about 8-10 minutes). The greater the inflammation and viral infection along the spine, “the hotter the area along the spine will become.“ ^[6]

Discussion

The practice of applying these essential oils undiluted to the skin is not consistent with “best practice” taught in standard curriculum for professional aromatherapy education recognized by NAHA. The use of the undiluted essential oils promoted within Raindrop Therapy, are not supported in safety manuals.

Safety Data References of Essential Oils Which are Used in RDT

Oregano Essential Oil

From:Plant Aromatics

Origanum Oil

Family: Lamiaceae (Labiatae)

Botanical Name: Thymus capitatus Hoffmgg.et Link, and other varieties. ^[7]

A 2% solution of Origanum oil caused no irritation or sensitization on humans. ^[8]

From: Essential Oil Safety

Oregano (Spanish) (P)

Thymus capitatus, and Origanum vulgare, a table on page 209 list it as moderately irritant as well as having mucous membrane irritant.

Toxicity data and recommendations: Undiluted oregano oil was severely irritating when applied to mouse skin, and moderately irritating when applied to rabbit skin. Tested at 2% it produced no reaction after a patch test on human subjects.

Therefore, Oregano should not be used neat as promoted in Raindrop Therapy as it can and is known to cause cutaneous irritation. As well, the dilution rate for overall use is 2%. Likewise it should not be used at all on hypersensitive, diseased or damaged skin, and children under 2 years of age. In the video, a ratio of 5% dilution for overall use was recommended (15-30 drops per ounce), and at 2.5% dilution rate for children or the elderly (15 drops to one ounce). ^[9]

Raindrop Therapy promotes unsafe use of Oregano Oil on humans.

Thyme Oil

From: Essential Oil Safety, referring to Thymus vulgaris L., and Thymus Zygis L.

Irritation/Sensitization-Red Thyme oil-nil at 8% however when applied to animal skin undiluted it proved severely irritating. ^[9]

External applications as a rubefacient and counter-irritant include dilution with olive or other oils. ^[10]

From: Plant Aromatics

Family: Lamiaceae (Labiatae)

Genus: Thymus

Botanical Name: Thymus vulgaris Linn. T. serpyllum L. T. zygis L.T. mastichiria L. and dozens of other species with hundreds of varieties and cultivars, with tremendous chemical compositional variation. ^[11]

An 8% solution of Thyme oil (red unrectified) caused no irritation or sensitization on humans. ^[12]

T. vulgaris, other species and different genera, yield thymol, which can produce irritation of the skin. ^[13] Both Thyme oil and thymol have been recorded as being a cause of adverse dermal reactions including dermatitis, cheilitis and severe inflammation. ^[14]

Undiluted thyme oils were severely irritating to both mouse and rabbit skin: tested at 12% it produced no irritation on human subjects.

Again dermal cautions were noted for hypersensitive, diseased or damaged skin, and children under two years of age. ^[15]

Raindrop Therapy promotes unsafe use of Thyme Oil on humans.

Birch Oil

From: Plant Aromatics

Family: Betulaceae

Genus: Betula

Botanical Name: Betula lenta Linn. and other varieties. ^[16]

A 4% solution of Sweet Birch oil cased no irritation or sensitization on human. ^[17]

A 1% solution of Birch oil applied to the skin, can cause dermal eruptions. B.P.C. 1934

Birch extracts have caused adverse reactions in up to 50% of people with an allergy to Birch pollen. ^[18]

Methyl salicylate is freely absorbed by the skin and can lead to high blood levels of Salicylic acid. ^[19]

MANY OTHER REPORTS OF ADVERSE EFFECTS ARE RECORDED. Fetal abnormalities and reduce growth rates in rats. It can pass into breast mild and therefore should NEVER BE USED DURING PREGNANCY OR LACTATION. ^[20]

Although Birch oil (sweet) has shown no irritation or sensitization at 4%, it is NOT RECOMMENDED. ^[21]

Birch Tar Oil: There are many reports in the literature about birch tree extracts causing dermatitis.This extract should not be used unless you are very confident of what you are doing. [22]

From: Essential Oil Safety

Botanical Name: Betula lenta

Notable salicylate 98%

Methyl salicylate can be absorbed transdermally in sufficient quantities to cause poisoning in humans. Topically applied methyl salicylate can potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, causing side effects such as internal hemorrhage. A similar interaction is possible, but by no means certain, with other anticoagulants such as aspirin and heparin. Many liniments contain methyl salicylate or wintergreen oil.

Comments: There have been sufficient cased of poisoning by methyl salicylate or by oils containing it that it would be prudent to avoid use of this oil in aromatherapy. Virtually all “sweet birch oils” are in fact synthetic methyl salicylate.

Compare: Wintergreen ^[23]

Raindrop Therapy promotes unsafe use of Birch Oil on humans.

Wintergreen Oil

From: Plant Aromatics.

Family: Ericacea.

Botanical Name: Gaultheria procumbens Linn.

This oil does not appear to have undergone formal testing for adverse dermal effects by the usual International organizations. ^[24]

Cutaneous absorption of methyl salicylate (the major component of the oil) is rapid.

It has been detected in the urine half an hour after application to the skin. It can also cause dermal eruptions. (AUTHORS NOTE: There is very little genuine wintergreen oil available, as it has mainly been replaced with synthetic methyl salicylate. Due to this and the risks associated from the application of this chemical to the skin, this product should be reserved for local application only, ideally undertaken by someone who has been trained in the use of this hazardous substance.) ^[25]

Contraindications: should not be used in therapy, either internally or externally; do not use if taking anticoagulants

Comments: Virtually all commercial “wintergreen oil” is in fact synthetic methyl salicylate. There have been sufficient cases of poisoning by methyl salicylate or by oils contain it that it would be prudent to avoid all use of this oil. ^[26]

Raindrop Therapy promotes unsafe use of Wintergreen Oil on humans.

Peppermint Oil

From: Plant Aromatics

Family: Lamiaceae (Labietae)

Genus: Mentha with at least 25 species

Botanical Name: Menta x piperita (Peppermint).M arvensis (Corn mint, and numerous varieties and clones of both plants.)

Peppermint oil does not appear to have undergone formal testing procedures for dermal irritation and sensitization; therefore this oil should only be used on the skin at very low levels. ^[27]

“Isolated incidents due to accidental or inappropriate use of the products suggest caution in the handling and application of the oil or menthol, particularly the application of the neat oil to treat rheumatism.” ^[28]

Menthol is irritant in high concentration especially if evaporation from the skin is prevented. ^[29]

Mentha piperita var.Vulgaris

Safety data: tested at low dose non-toxic, NO FORMAL TESTING on skin effects. Use diluted: possible sensitization (menthol): keep away from nostrils of infants because of risk of spasm of glottis: avoid in pregnancy, Lactation. ^[30] It has been reported that some patients with particular enzyme deficits or specific conditions may be effected by certain essential oils. ^[31]

People with G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) enzyme-deficiency can develop a toxic build-up of menthol in the body. G-6-PD is the enzyme responsible for liver detoxification of menthol. ^[32]

Raindrop Therapy promotes unsafe use of Peppermint Oil on humans.

Basil Oil

(Although there are safer chemotypes of Basil oil available to use, Raindrop Therapy uses the estragole chemotypeaka: methyl chavicol) ^[33]

Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

Chemical constituents: Methyl chavicol (70-75%)

Ocimum Basilicum: Bush Basil

Untested Oil; Avoid use on Sensitive or Damaged Skin

Safety Data, No Formal Testing-Avoid in Pregnancy, with babies, children: possible irritation: avoid sensitive skin, appears in low dose non-toxic (Methyl chavicol) is moderately toxic. Excess produces stupefying effect. ^[34]

A 4% solution of Basil Oil (O. basilicum, M. chavicolcirca 55%) caused no irritation or sensitization humans. Some people could react to the eugenol content of some Basil oils. ^[35]

Maximum recommended usage levels in percentage dilution: Basil M. chavicol 55%, 4% dilution

The chemotype Estragole, is reported as having 70-75% methyl chavicol. ^[36]

Raindrop Therapy promotes unsafe use of Basil Oil, chemotype estragole, on humans.

Lemongrass Oil

Botanical Name: Cymbopogen flexuosus

Botanical Family: Graminaceae

Common name: Lemongrass, East Indian Lemongrass

Class: aldehyde

Notable constituents: Citral 85%, Limonene 5%

Safety Data: Possible dermal irritation and sensitization: avoid in pregnancy, with babies and children. ^[37]

“Caution C. flexuosus should never be used neat on the skin because of its possible irritant properties, due mainly to the citral content because of its extensive root system. However, when diluted in a carrier, it is without hazard except on the most sensitive of skins. Treat with respect.” ^[38]

Cautions: (dermal) Hypersensitive, diseased or damaged skin, and children under two years of age.

Toxicity: Citral can cause a rise in ocular tension, which would be dangerous in cases of glaucoma. ^[39]

There are a few reports of skin irritation cased by hypersensitivity or prolonged exposure to the concentrated oil and sensitization may occur. ^[40] Vesicular dermatitis appeared in eight workers exposed to a cargo of Lemongrass oils and the NEAT oil is a skin irritant. ^[41] Recommended dilution is at 4-5%

Raindrop Therapy promotes unsafe use of Lemongrass oil on humans.

Cypress Oil

Botanical Name: Cupressus semperivens

Botanical family: Cupressaceae

Common name: Cypress

Safety Data: Tested at LOW doses non-toxic, non-irritant and non-sensitizing; avoid in pregnancy, high blood pressure, and with cancers, uterine and breast fibrosis. ^[42]

A 5% solution of Cypress oil cased no irritation or sensitization on humans. ^[43]

Raindrop Therapy promotes unsafe use of cypress oil on humans.

Marjoram Oil

Botanical Name: Origanum marjorana Linn. also Marjorana hortensis Moench.

Botanical family: Lamiaceae

A 6% solution of Sweet Marjoram oil caused no irritation or sensitization on humans. ^[44]

Tested at low dose non-toxic non-irritating, non-sensitizing. ^[45]

Raindrop therapy promotes the unsafe use of marjoram oil on humans

Tansy Oil

(“Blue Tansy” oil is listed as an ingredient in Raindrop Therapy’s “Valor” blend ^[46], and given the botanical name Tanacetum annuum, which, according to Sheppard-Hanger, is the botanical name for Morroccan Chamomile, also known as Blue Atlas, ^[47] not Blue Tansy. Because of the contradictory essential oil profile in G. Young’s book,Essential Oils Desk Reference, it is unclear which essential oil G. Young has included in the blend, “Valor.” For safety purposes, tansy oil will be outlined below.)

Botanical Name:Tanacetum vulgare

Common name: Tansy Oil

Botanical family: Compositae

Notable constituents: Thujones 66-81%, Camphor 5%

Contraindications: Should not be used in therapy, either internally or externally.

Toxicity data & recommendations: Toxic signs produced by tansy oil poisoning include: convulsions, irregular heartbeat, vomiting, rigid pupils, gastroenteritis, uterine bleeding, flushing, hepatitis, cramps, loss of consciousness and rapid breathing.

Comments: In light of its high thujone content, tansy oil should be avoided altogether in aromatherapy. ^[48]

Some Tansy oils contain very high levels of b-Thujone which orally is extremely toxic and which does seem to be absorbed through the skin. ^[40] On the other hand some tansy oils contain no or insignificant amount of this chemical so until such time as full analysis is declared on essential oils, it is wiser to avoid its use for application to the skin, or for room fragrances. ^[50]

No Formal Testing: Avoid in pregnancy with babies, children best to avoid as untested, substitution and doubtful production. ^[51]

Raindrop Therapy promotes the unsafe use of “Tansy” oil on humans.

Discussion Regarding the Unfounded Claims of Raindrop Therapy

Examination of the published literature on the rational for the use of Raindrop therapy, written or published by Gary Young rationalizing the use for Raindrop Therapy, has implies that the process has a curative effect on scoliosis:

Excerpts verbatim fromEssential Oils Desk Referenceby G. Young:

Raindrop Technique is a powerful, non-invasive tool for assisting the body in correcting defects in the curvature of the spine. During the years that is has been practiced, it has resolved numerous cases of scoliosis and kyphosis and eliminated the need for back surgery for thousands of people.
Raindrop Technique originated in the 1980’s from the research of D. Gary Young working with a Lakota medicine man named Wallace Black Elk. It integrates Vita Flex and massage, utilizing the power of essential oils in bringing the body into structural and electrical alignment.
Raindrop Technique is based on the theory that many types of scoliosis and spinal misalignments are caused by viruses or bacteria that lie dormant along the spine. These pathogens create inflammation, which, in turn, contorts and disfigures the spinal column.
Raindrop Technique uses a sequence of highly antimicrobial essential oils designed to simultaneously reduce inflammation and kill the responsible viral agents. ^[52]

Scoliosis (discussion on etiology of scoliosis from the writings of Young)

While a few cases of scoliosis can be attributed to congenital deformities (such as MS. Cerebral Palsy, Down’s Syndrome, or Marfan’s Syndrome), the vast majority of scoliosis types are of unknown origin.

Some medical professionals believe that many cases of scoliosis begin with hard-to-detect inflammation along the spine cased by latent viruses. Others believe that it may be due to persistent muscle spasms that have pulled the vertebrae off the spine out of alignment.

The Raindrop Techniqueis one of the most effective therapies for straightening spines misaligned due to scoliosis. ^[53]

Excerpts from: The Science and Application of Essential Oils, D. Gary Young, ND (Video), 1994

Statements on tape by G. Young:

“Raindrop Therapy is a technique that is beneficial for back problems, scoliosis, deteriorated disks and compressions.” ^[54]

The following section provides samples of information found on the World Wide Web describing Raindrop Therapy:

1. “The Raindrop Therapy combines the science of aromatherapy with the techniques of Vita Flex, reflexology, massage, etc, in the application of essential oils, which are applied on various areas of the body to bring structural and electrical alignment. Thyme has been scientifically proven to be anti-infections, antibacterial, and antiviral. There is some indication that scoliosis is the result of some viral and or bacterial activity that has taken place in the body at some point before the scoliosis began. These essential oils can easily penetrate the body and may help kill any virus or bacteria that may be present.” ^[55]

2.“The Raindrop Therapy combines the science of aromatherapy with the techniques of Vita Flex, reflexology, massage, etc, in the application of essential oils, which are applied on various areas of the body to bring structural and electrical alignment.” ^[56]

3.“Raindrop technique is a powerful, non-invasive tool for helping to correct defects in the curvature of the spine. It has resolved numerous cases of scoliosis and eliminated the needs for back surgery for thousands of people. Raindrop technique is based on the theory that many types of scoliosis and spinal misalignments are caused by virus or bacteria that are dormant along the spine. These pathogens create inflammation which in turn controls and disfigures the spinal column. Raindrop Technique uses a sequence of highly anti-microbial essential oils designed to simultaneously reduce inflammation and kill the viral agents responsible for it.” ^[57]

There are numerous other references like these on the World Wide Web and a simple search using the term “Raindrop Therapy” would yield many more. This information either implies or states, that the use of Raindrop Therapy, has either a corrective action on scoliosis or that it benefits person, with scoliosis, or that is somehow otherwise helps to bring the body into structural or electrical alignment.

Now let’s turn our attention to what qualified authorities on the topic of scoliosis, have to say about the etiology of scoliosis.

Literature Search on Scoliosis

Scoliosis: A rotary lateral curvature of the spine.

congenital s. Scoliosis resulting from malformation of the spine or chest.

idiopathic s. Scoliosis of unknown cause.

myopthic. S. Scoliosis due to weakness of the spinal muscles.

Neuromuscular S. Scoliosis caused by any of various diseases affecting the motor nerve cells.

Osteopathic s. Lateral curvature resulting from pathologic conditions of the vertebrae, such as tuberculosis, rickets, osteomalacia, and tumors

Static s. Scoliosis due to difference in the length of the legs. ^[58]

The focus of the search for whether one might give credibility to the rationale for the use of RDT lies in examining idiopathic scoliosis, as it is the only type, which is of “unknown cause”. An inquiry to the NSF (National Scoliosis Foundation, questioning Young’s theory of a “dormant viral or bacterial etiology” for idiopathic scoliosis prompted the following reply:

E-mail Response from National Scoliosis Foundation (Oct 22, 2001 on file):

“Thank you for writing the NSF. Unfortunately, I have not read anything about the statement. There are a few helpful websites that we can refer you to for information regarding scoliosis. The addresses are www.spineuniverse.com, www.orthospine.com, www.iscoliosis.com, www.aaos.org, www.scoliosis.org. These sites have much information as well as links to other sites.”

Note: a search of these sites yields no mention of the dormant virus theory. There is a consistency across these sites that idiopathic scoliosis shows strong evidence of being hereditary. The following are representative of findings.

From The Genetics of Scoliosis by John T. Smith, M.D.:

“Despite a tremendous amount of scientific research, the cause of some type of scoliosis remain largely unknown. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis may be a disease that is inherited as a genetic trait, much like some other diseases, such as sickle cell anemia. The gene that causes scoliosis remains undiscovered, but scientists are trying to find this gene using new techniques for analyzing genetic inheritance. Defining the role of genetic in scoliosis is currently the focus of intense research at a number of Academic centers throughout the world.

“There is strong evidence that an abnormal gene is partially responsible for some forms of scoliosis. It is possible that genetic factors may influence important aspects of scoliosis such as the pattern of curvature (left versus right curves), the shape of the curve, and the risk of progression. The tendency for scoliosis to appear in people who are closely related, such as mothers and their daughter, identical twins, and the first-degree relatives, suggest that scoliosis can be inherited….” ^[59]

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From National Institutes of Health:

“Researchers are looking for the cause of idiopathic scoliosis. They have studied genetic structural and biochemical alterations in the discs and muscles and central nervous changes. The changes in the discs and muscles seem to be a result of scoliosis and cause. Scientists are still hopeful that studying changes in the central nervous system with idiopathic scoliosis may reveal a cause of this disorder.” ^[60]

Treatment of Scoliosis

From Scoliosis Research Society: Bracing may be a consideration in children with spinal deformity and curve magnitudes of 25-40 degrees. The primary goal is to stop curve progression. Surgery for idiopathic scoliosis is suggested when curve magnitude is 50 degrees or more. Curves are measured in degrees and persons with curves measuring under thirty degrees entering adulthood are considered having a mild curve while those over 60 degrees are considered severe. ^[61]

What Does NOT Demonstrate Effectiveness:

Both of these sources, also state “ Numerous studies have failed to show any benefit from exercise, manipulation, meditation or drugs. ^[62]

There is no scientifically documented role for exercises, manipulation or electrical stimulation in the management of scoliosis. ^[63]

Some people have tried other ways to treat scoliosis, including manipulation by electrical stimulation, dietary supplements and corrective exercises. So far studies following treatments have not been show to prevent curve progression… ^[64]

How is Scoliosis Measured?

The standard measurements for scoliosis are done through X-ray evaluation, Curve measurement, and MRI.

Summary of Points

Idiopathic Scoliosisis of an unknown cause, but current thinking is that it may be hereditary and genetic in etiology.
Review of the leading organizations doing research on idiopathic scoliosis reveals no dormant viral or bacterial theories.
Research has demonstrated no significant impact of exercise, manipulation, diet supplements or electrical stimulation has any effect on stopping the progression of idiopathic scoliosis.
Objective evaluation of scoliosis is done with X-rays, degrees of measurement, and in some cases MRI.

Proof of Claims in Effectiveness of Raindrop Therapy on Scoliosis?

Thus far we have shown that there is no support of a viral/bacterial theory which is the underpinning of the use of RDT for claims of benefits to idiopathic scoliosis and alignment
Nor does manipulation of the spine benefit idiopathic scoliosis.

But let us suppose for a moment that we suspend our concerns about etiology and standard treatment of scoliosis. Raindrop Therapy does not have any published scientific proof of their claims. Although the proponents of RDT say that is has benefited “thousands of people”, there are no citations to published scientific studies of these claims within any of the RDT referenced literature or in our broad search of the practice. There is no reference to any published clinical research using known data measurements (i.e. X-rays, degrees of curvature, or MRI.).

Scope of Practice

It must also be noted that within any profession there is a scope of practice which is to be observed. These are governed by state laws. While persons may be practicing under a medical license, using essential oils, persons using and training Raindrop Therapy, require no licensure. As well, although they may be trained in massage, for example, this does not necessarily include training as an Aromatherapy Professional.

Raindrop Therapy requires “hands-on” application of essential oils, massage, and manipulation of the back. Each state has individual legal requirements and definition of a scope of practice, determining qualification to use hands- on techniques required with this RDT practice. The use of essential oils are often integrated within an existing therapeutic practice (e.g. nursing, massage therapy, esthetics, OT, PT, Chiropractic, Orthopedic, M.D.). Therefore, we urge the consumer to inquire as to credentials, and scope of practice.

Summary and Conclusion

Until such time as:

the scientific efficacy of Raindrop Therapy on the progression of idiopathic Scoliosis, (or any other type of scoliosis) can be shown,
and safe use of essential oils are observed,

Raindrop Therapy technique does not have the support as a “best practice” within a large segment of the professional community of aromatherapy practitioners. As a wise consumer, we hope you benefit from this critical viewpoint, and hope that it enhances your safe use of essential oil and practices.

1. Essential Oils Desk Reference, Second Edition. Compiled by Essential Science Publishing, 2001, 191–198.

2. Buckle, J. 1997:Clinical Aromatherapy in Nursing. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group, 79.

3. Tisserand, R. and Balacs, T. 1995:Essential Oil Safety. London: Churchill Livingstone, 78.

4. Essential Oils Desk Reference, Second Edition. Compiled by Essential Science Publishing, 2001, 191–198.

5. Young, Gary.The Science and Application of Essential Oils, Young Living Oils, (Video) 1994.

6. Young, G., Aromatherapy,The Essential Beginning(no longer in print). Essential Science Publishing, 1–7.

7. Witham: Watts, Sets 1–4 through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

8. Kligman, A.Report to the R.I.F.M., 1973, through Watt, M. 1994: Plant Aromatics.

9. Tisserand, R. and Balacs, T. 1995: Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals.London: Churchill Livingstone, 156–7.

10. Lis-Balchin, M. 1995:Aroma Science, The Chemistry and Bioactivity of Essential Oils,Amberwood Publishing.

11. Witham: Sets 1-4 through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

12. Kligman, A.Report to the R.I.F.M., 1973. through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

13. Greenberg L. and Lester D.Handbook of Cosmetic Material, New York, Interscience, through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

14. Mitchell J. and Rook A. 1979: Botanical Dermatology (out of print), through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

15. Tisserand, R. and Balacs, T. 1995:Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London: Churchill Livingstone, 176.

16. Witham: Sets 1-4 through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

17. Epstein, W. 1974:Report to the R.I.F.M.,through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

18. Lahti, A. et al. 1980:Contact Dermatitis, (6) 464-5, through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

19. Davison, C. 1961:J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapies, (132) 207-11, through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

20. De. Smet, P. 1992:Adverse Effect of Herbal Drugs. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

21. Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics. Witham: Watts, Sets 1–4, chart 1, 20.

22. Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics,Sets 1–4, 30.

23. Tisserand, R. and Balacs, T. 1995:Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London: Churchill Livingstone, 173.

24. Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.Sets 1–4.

25. Tisserand, R. and Balacs, T. 1996:Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London: Churchill Livingstone, 179.

26. ibid.

27. Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics, 138.

28. Grieve, M. 1931:A Modern Herbal.Hammondsworth: Penguin, through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

29. Harry, R. 1948:Cosmetic Materials. Vol. 2, London, through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

30. Sheppard-Hanger, S. 1995:Aromatherapy Practitioner Reference Manual. Tampa, FLA: Atlantic Institute of Aromatherapy, Chart 289.

31. Buckle, J. 1997:Clinical Aromatherapy in Nursing.San Diego, CA, 84.

32. Owole, S.A. and Ramson-Kuto, O. 1980: The risk of jaundice in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient babies exposed to menthol.Acta Paediatrica Scandinavia69, 341-345, through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

33. Essential Oils Desk Reference, Second Edition. Compiled by Essential Science Publishing, 2001, 34.

34. Sheppard-Hanger, S. 1995:Aromatherapy Practitioner Reference Manual. Tampa, FLA: Atlantic Institute of Aromatherapy, Chart 317.

35. Kligman, A. 1972: Report to the RIFM, through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

36. Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.Sets 1–4, 56 and 77.

37. Sheppard-Hanger, S. 1995:Aromatherapy Practitioner Reference Manual. Tampa, FLA: Atlantic Institute of Aromatherapy, Chart 197.

38. Price, S. 1993:Aromatherapy Workbook. London: Thorsons, 84.

39. Tisserand, R. and Balacs, T. 1996:Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London: Churchill Livingstone, 146.

40. Witham: through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics, 123.

41. Mendelsohn H. 1944:Arch. Derm. Syph.(50), 34, and same author and journal 1946, (53), 94, through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

42. Sheppard-Hanger, S. 1995:Aromatherapy Practitioner Reference Manual.Tampa, FLA: 191.

43. Witham through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics, 103.

44. Watt, M. 1996:Essential Oil Monographs. Tampa, FLA, Atlantic Institute of Aromatherapy.

45. Sheppard-Hanger, S. 1995:Aromatherapy Practitioner Reference Manual. Tampa, FLA: Atlantic Institute of Aromatherapy, chart 327.

46. Essential Oils Desk Reference,2000. USA, Essential Science Publishing, 123.

47. Sheppard-Hanger, S. 1995:Aromatherapy Practitioner Reference Manual. Tampa, FLA: Atlantic Institute of Aromatherapy, chart 145.

48. Tisserand, R. and Balacs, T. 1996:Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals.London: Churchill Livingstone, 172.

49. Witham: thorugh Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics:32.

50. Meyer, R. 1959:Arzneimittel-Forcsh,(9), 516, through Watt, M. 1994:Plant Aromatics.

51. Sheppard-Hanger, S. 1995:Aromatherapy Practitioner Reference Manual.Tampa, FLA. Atlantic Institute of Aromatherapy, chart 403.

52. Essential Oils Desk Reference,2001, USA, Essential Science Publishing, 191.

53. Ibid, 347.

54. www.worlddirect.net.aro9.html

55. www.hypnosis-reiki.com/treatments.html

56. Dox, I., MD, Melloni, J. PhD, et al,The Harper Collins Illustrated Medical Dictionary,429-430.

57. www.iscoliosis.com/completegenetics.php3

58. www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Scoliosis/default.asp>

59. www.scoliosisx.com

60. ibid

61. www.srs.org/htm/library/review/review06.htm

62. National Institutes of Health, Dept. of Health and Human Services, www.niams.nih.gov

63. www.srs.org/htm/library/review/review06.htm

64. National Institutes of Health, Dept. of Health and Human Services, www.niams.nih.gov

Homemade Gifts

This page was created to give you ideas and recipes for making your friends and family gifts rather than buying them something. You can have a lot of fun with this. You could make your mother her very own, personalized salt scrub with a one of a kind scent made especially by you. You could also give her a few different body balms, each one having a different scent. One idea is to have a gift package with several of the recipes below, all containing the same essential oil or blend. You can use this same idea with the household recipes below.

Most of these recipes need bottles, so don’t forget ours on our aromatherapy bottles page.

No time or energy to create your own gifts? See our list of Aromatherapy Gift Ideas with something for everyone! Or visit our aromatic baths page for luxury gifts for friends and family.

Origins-Type Salt Scrub

A friend recently shared her formula for the commercial Origins Salt Scrub…basically it calls for one cup of sea salt, 1/2 cup of a mixture of rich and exotic carrier oils (you could use whatever oils you have on hand that suit your skin type).

The scent blend is as follows (enough for this amount of salt and carrier oils)

10 drops Peppermint essential oil
5 drops Orange essential oil
5 drops Spearmint essential oil
3 drops Rosemary essential oil

We tested the blend in the pouring room, bright and invigorating. This would be great in a morning shower. (You might want to do a double batch and package it in our PET bail jars, the same ones Origins uses for their scrub!).

Skin Soother

Janice Brady writes: Salt Scrubs are just too rough and abrasive for me. My arms and legs have a lot of scratches on them and the salt hurts, but I want to really get rid of dead skin.

Our reply? Try a soothing brown sugar scrub for gentle exfoliation. A generous scoop of brown sugar (light or dark will work equally well), enough of your favorite carrier oil to gently moisten, and one or two drops of Sandalwood oil…soothing to the skin, and the aroma just sweetens the brown sugar. Gently scrub away dull winter skin, without the sting of salt.

Solid Perfume

3 parts Jojoba
2 parts Beeswax Beads
1 part essential oil or blend

Warm the oil, add the beeswax beads, and warm gently until melted. Let cool until warm to the touch and starting to thicken. Stir in the essential oil, and pour into wee pots. We think it would be a great idea to make a few different perfumes and pour each into our little lip balm jars. Then you can give each of your friends a variety of your one of a kind perfume creations!

Martha’s Foot Soak

Martha Stewart recently shared a recipe for a foot soak for pregnant momma’s on her show…to counteract swelling and achiness.

To make the foot soak, combine 1 1/4 cups of Epsom salts with an equal measure of kosher salt in a jar. (NOTE…I would use Sea Salt!) Add a 1/4 cup each of baking soda and cornstarch, up to 1/2 teaspoon of Lemon essential oil, and up to 1/4 teaspoon of Spearmint essential oil. Attach the lid, and shake the jar to combine. Pour the mixture into a bag, and use within a few weeks.

(My daughter-in-law says this doesn’t sound anywhere near as good as having her legs rubbed with our Prenatal Massage oil…but she might be both prejudiced and a wee bit spoiled.)

Soothing-Cooling Aftershave Gel

1/2 cup Aloe Vera Gel
2 oz. Witch Hazel Extract
1 tsp. Glycerine
5 drops Chamomile essential oil
2-3 drops Peppermint essential oil

Add the glycerine to the witch hazel and slowly add the essential oil’s. Mix in the aloe gel and bottle. This is also nice for sunburn.

Shaving Soap (for Mug)

1/2 cup grated soap (castile is recommended)
2/3 cup distilled water, boiling
2 tb. melted Coconut Oil
3 tb. Almond Oil
1 tb. borax

Dissolve soap in the water, and put in blender. Add remaining ingredients and whip until fluffy. Add scent and pour into mug (I used a large coffee mug) and let harden.

Note: if using homemade or melt-and-pour soap, increase the amount of soap by 1/4 cup to 3/4 cup total.

Shaving Cream

1/4 oz. stearic acid
2 tb. olive or Almond Oil

Melt together and set aside. Separately, combine:

1 cup hot water
1 tsp. borax
2 tb. grated soap

Beat in oil/stearic acid mixture and whip until creamy.

Old Fashioned Hand Lotion — Rosewater and Glycerine

Simply blend equal parts of vegetable glycerine and rose hydrosol, bottle in a pretty jar.

What could be simpler?

Orange Blossom Body Balm

An intensely pampering body balm to ease stress, tension, and anxiety.

6 oz Shea Butter
1 oz Virgin Coconut Oil
1 oz Orange Blossom Wax
2-6 drops Neroli essential oil (optional)

Let the shea butter warm to room temperature, cut in small pieces in the bowl of an electric mixer. Start beating and beat until fluffy.

Meanwhile, warm the VCO and the Orange Blossom Wax together over very low heat (or in a double boiler!) just until the wax is melted. Try not to over heat this! When the wax is melted pour the mixture into the whipping shea butter. Add optional drops of Neroli, continue beating until light and fluffy.

Note, if whipped shea, alone, is a bit too greasy for you, you may sift one or two tablespoonfuls of cornstarch over the mixture and beat in thoroughly. The shea, and coconut are available on our carrier oils page, The Orange Blossom Wax may be found on our Floral Waxes page.

**Try using this Orange Body Balm with our moisturizing spa booties and gloves on our Aromatherapy Skincare Page.

Mouthwash Formula

A friend of mine kept getting re-occurring infections along his gumline. I “tweaked” a formula I found on a Canadian “non-toxic alternatives” site.

10 drops Tea Tree oil
2 drops Myrrh oil
6 drops Peppermint oil (for taste, no therapeutic value)
18–25 drops Polysorbate 20
1 quart distilled water

Add the essential oils to the polysorb in a sterilized 32 ounce bottle. Add one quart (or liter) of distilled water. Shake well. Use to rinse mouth, do not swallow.

Balm for Chapped Lips

By Weight, NOT Volume.

1 oz Beeswax Beads
1 oz Shea Butter, Mango Butter, OR Virgin Coconut (not all three)
1 oz rich, liquid carrier oil (Jojoba, Kukui, Avocado, etc.)

This makes a basic soothing balm or salve that can be divided into smaller portions and/or enriched in innumerable ways. Use herbal infused oils (infused chamomile or calendula) for skin soothing. Add the essential oils of your choice…a drop of Peppermint or steam-distilled Lime for lip balms… Lavender and German Chamomile for healing baby’s diaper rash…Patchouli or Frankincense for badly chapped hands. Less beeswax or more of the liquid oil makes a softer balm, more beeswax makes a firm “stick” that can be rubbed on.

Body Powder

Mix 15–20 drops of your essential oil blend per one ounce of cornstarch or unscented talc.

Put the cornstarch or talc on a plate or platter. Scatter drops of the essential oils on top of the talc or starch, then cut it in with a fork until it’s well blended.

Gentle Honey Cleanser

My friend Ravenna in Australia shared this delightful facial cleanser:

Honey gently softens and cleanses the skin. This is a mild cleanser that works well for dry skin types. It is wonderful, leaving your skin so soft and moist! It’s not at all sticky and can be used as either a facial cleanser or bath gel. I fill empty honey squeeze bottles with this cleanser. Makes a nice gift.

1/4 cup honey
1 tablespoon liquid castile soap
1/4 cup Glycerine
10–15 drops of your favorite essential oil

Mix together all ingredients and pour into a clean squeezy bottle. Remember to use non breakable containers if you are going to be using it in the tub or shower.

Salt Scrub

This is more of a “put together” than a real recipe.

2 cups sea salt or Dead Sea Salt
1/4 – 1/2 cups of Jojoba
1 tbs Liquid Castile Soap (optional)
15–20 drops of essential oil or synergy

In an unbreakable container (you’re going to use this in the shower after all) mix your sea salt and Jojoba together. The texture should be that of sand castle building sand. Liquid castile is not necessary, but will help the bath tub from being so slick from the Jojoba. Then add your essential oils and stir very well.

Homemade Household Gifts

Aromatic Window Cleaning

Juice of 1 lemon
2 cups water or club soda
1/2 teaspoon Peppermint oil (2+ ml)
1 tsp cornstarch

Stir the lemon juice into the cornstarch slowly to avoid clumps and lumps. Add water or club soda, and essential oil. Store in a glass atomizer/spray bottle. Shake well before using.

Spray on windows, polish dry. (Polishing your windows with old newspapers really adds to the shine.)

From Sandy Maine’s “Herbal Housekeeping” book.

Pomander Ball Cleanser

(adapted from a recipe from Barbara Lucks)

Not only does this preparation clean but the essential oils disinfect and provide a natural, festive fragrance.

1 teaspoon Sweet Orange or Mandarine essential oil
a few drops of Clove Oil and Cinnamon Leaf oils
1 teaspoon washing soda
2 teaspoons borax
1/2 teaspoon liquid soap or detergent
2 cups hot water (to dissolve the soda and borax)

Combine the ingredients in a spray bottle. Shake to dissolve and blend the minerals. You can spray this cleaner onto a surface then leave it for 15 minutes before wiping it off, to give the essential oils antiseptic qualities time to work. Makes 2 cups.

It will leave your house smelling like an old-fashioned, clove studded pomander ball!

House Cleaning Recipe

A friend recently shared the formula for what she calls “Mrs. Bubble.” She said it came from The Naturally Clean Home by Karyn Siegel Maier

Fizzy Bathroom Sink Cleaner

1/2 cup baking soda
6 drops Lemon or Pine essential oil
1/4 cup vinegar

Combine the baking soda and essential oil. Sprinkle into the sink; pour the vinegar on top. After the fizz settles, scrub clean with a damp cloth or sponge. Rinse clean.

Air Freshener

20 drops Lavender
10 drops Lemon
6 drops Bergamot
5 drops Lime
5 drops Grapefruit

Place in spray bottle with water.

**Use Polysorbate to help the water and oils mix.

All Purpose Cleaner

5 drops Lavender, Lemon, and Pine in a spray bottle with a squirt of liquid soap.

Cleaner for Kitchens and Bathrooms

2 drops Rosemary
4 drops Lemon
3 drops eucalyptus
4 drops Lavender

Place in a spray bottle with water. Always shake bottle before using to mix the oils.

**Rather than shaking each time you this, try adding Polysorbate to the recipe.

Counter Cleaner and Kitchen Freshener

2 cups club soda
1/2 teaspoon liquid soap or detergent.
10 drops essential oil

Combine ingredients in a spray bottle and shake to blend (careful — you are using club soda here and it likes to “fizz” on you!). Spray on. Wipe off.

Shake the bottle each time before using.

Seems to me Lemon Myrtle would be great in this, for both its ultra-clean lemony aroma, and it’s powerful germ killing ability. Perhaps with a touch of one of the spice oils?

From a workshop done by Judy Zambroski on natural living.

Recipe for “Wipes`

from our friend Christa Maria:

I just cooked this up:
Cut one good quality papertowel into two pieces. Have containers that the papertowels fit in, with a good lid ready.

Make a mix of:

1/4 cup Liquid Soap (I use organic non-scented liquid soap)

1/4 cup Fractionated Coconut oil

20 drops of Marge’s GermBeater.

2 cups hot water

Mix first 3 ingredients well together, add water and pour half of the mix into each containers over the papertowels. Takes about 24 hours for the liquid to sink into the papertowels.

I take those to my woods for a fast clean-up.

I bet this could also be done with the Skeeterbeater, taking a towel and putting some drops on it. I will try it out tomorrow when I go to the woods, (some nice person has volunteered to help me dig leeks..:).

Carpet Freshener

And while we are talking about deodorizing, my friend Wendy from Aromaweb recommends the following carpet deodorizer in her recipes section.

Ingredients:

35 drops Eucalyptus essential oil
30 drops Lavender essential oil
25 drops Rosewood essential oil
4 cups Borax (Mule Team Borax can be found in the grocery store in the laundry detergent aisle, usually)

Directions: To make the carpet deodorizer (any essential oils could be used by the way, just make sure no one in the household finds the odor offensive) measure your 4 cups of Borax into a bowl and then drop in the essential oils indicated in ingredients in the amounts listed. If you find the smell too strong, add more Borax. Take a spoon and mash up the little clumps that will form when the oil hits the Borax, stir until well mixed. Before vacuuming, I walk around the house and sprinkle it by hand in the same manner one would sow seeds. Let it sit on the carpet for 10–15 minutes, or longer if you like, and then vacuum. This formula will cover about 1000 square feet, give or take a little.

Personal note, I think I’d skip the Rosewood, and use either Black Spruce or Pine in its place. But that’s my taste. The eucalyptus and lavender are probably key. Some sunny citrus might be a nice addition, as well!

August 2011 Newsletter

Frequently Asked Questions

Are your oils therapeutic grade? (The most frequently asked question.)

Are your products 100% pure with no additives added to the essential oils?

What is the definition of the term “essential oils?” How do they differ from olive oil or other vegetable oils?

How are essential oils made?

What is a CO2 extract?

Why should I dilute essential oils?

What is a carrier oil?

How do I know what’s an appropriate dilution?

What is Lavender 40/42, and why don’t you sell it?

What’s the difference between an absolute and an essential oil?

What qualities of essential oils, if any, survive saponification?

Are your essential oils pure and unadulterated, and do you laboratory test your oils?

Household Hints

Raindrop Therapy White Paper

Foundation of Conclusions

SUPPORTING LITERATURE RESEARCH

Description of Raindrop Therapy (Excerpts)

Notes on Description of Oils Getting Hot

Discussion

Safety Data References of Essential Oils Which are Used in RDT

Oregano Essential Oil

Thyme Oil

Birch Oil

Wintergreen Oil

Peppermint Oil

Basil Oil

Lemongrass Oil

Cypress Oil

Marjoram Oil

Tansy Oil

Discussion Regarding the Unfounded Claims of Raindrop Therapy

Scoliosis (discussion on etiology of scoliosis from the writings of Young)

Literature Search on Scoliosis

Treatment of Scoliosis

Proof of Claims in Effectiveness of Raindrop Therapy on Scoliosis?

Scope of Practice

Homemade Household Gifts